RegulonDB RegulonDB 11.2: Operon Form
   

glnALG operon and associated TUs in Escherichia coli K-12 genome




Operon      
Name: glnALG
This page displays every known transcription unit of this operon and their known regulation.


Transcription unit          
Name: glnLG
Synonym(s): OP00034
Gene(s): glnG, glnL   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Evidence: [EXP-IEP-COREGULATION] Inferred through co-regulation
Reference(s): [1] Miranda-Rios J., et al., 1987
[2] Ueno-Nishio S., et al., 1983
[3] Ueno-Nishio S., et al., 1984
Promoter
Name: glnLp
+1: 4056371
Sigma Factor: Sigma70 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 32
Sequence: ttttctccgtcaattctctgatgcttcgcgctttttatccgtaaaaagctataatgcactAaaatggtgcaacctgttcag
                              -35                      -10  +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [4] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[2] Ueno-Nishio S., et al., 1983
[3] Ueno-Nishio S., et al., 1984
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[NtrC,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnLp 4056361 4056377 3.0 aaagctataaTGCACTAAAATGGTGCAacctgttcag nd [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [3]


Transcription unit          
Name: glnA
Gene(s): glnA   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): This transcription unit is mainly expressed under nitrogen limitation; therefore, the internal terminator of glnALG is active under this condition Rocha M,1985.
The NtrC regulator binds to five sites upstream of glnAp2. In a phosphorylated state and at low nitrogen concentrations, the NtrC protein (NtrC-P) increases its affinity for specific DNA-binding sites, which are represented by a 17-bp inverted repeat sequence (TGCACCn5GGTGCA) Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986.
NtrC-P at low concentrations of nitrogen binds strongly to sites -140 and -108, used for repression of the glnA promoter glnAp1, and weakly to sites -90, -68, and -45. Therefore, the recognition of NtrC at the sites -140 and -108 plays an important role in its interaction with Eσ54 and the activation of transcription at glnAp2 Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986. Wantzin GL, Killmann SA,1977.
On the other hand, the recognition of NtrC-P to the sites -90, -68, and -45 appears to increase the local concentration of NRI-phosphate at glnAp2, which does not seem to contribute significantly in the activation at glnAp2 Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986.
The transcription of the glnA gene is repressed during the first 24 h after the induction of nitrogen starvation Switzer A, Burchell L, McQuail J, Wigneshweraraj S,2020.
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPT-LEN-DETERMINATION] Length of transcript experimentally determined
Reference(s): [5] Rocha M., et al., 1985
Promoter
Name: glnAp2
+1: 4058107
Sigma Factor: Sigma54 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 73
Sequence: gcatgataacgccttttaggggcaatttaaaagttggcacagatttcgctttatctttttTacggcgacacggccaaaata
                                        -24        -12      +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [4] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[6] Ninfa AJ., et al., 1987
[7] Reitzer LJ., et al., 1989
[8] Tian ZX., et al., 2001
Terminator(s)
Type: rho-independent
Sequence: ttcctgacttAAGCGGCGCTGGTTATCCATcggagccatc
Reference(s): [5] Rocha M., et al., 1985
Type: rho-independent
Sequence: gcatcagagaATTGACGGAGAAAAAAGCCCATGCAGAGATGGGCTACAGATAGCTGACAAACTTCacgttggaga
Reference(s): [9] Feng CQ., et al., 2019
[10] Lesnik EA., et al., 2001
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[CRP,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP repressor glnAp2 4058152 4058173 -55.5 ttttgcacgaTGGTGCGCATGATAACGCCTTTtaggggcaat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [8]
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP repressor glnAp2 4058154 4058175 -57.5 ccttttgcacGATGGTGCGCATGATAACGCCTtttaggggca nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [8]
[Fis,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Fis activator glnAp2 4058155 4058169 -55.0 gcacgatggtGCGCATGATAACGCCttttaggggc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [15]
[NtrC,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058144 4058160 -45.0 tgcgcatgatAACGCCTTTTAGGGGCAatttaaaagt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ] S [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058167 4058183 -68.0 ggtgcagcccTTTTGCACGATGGTGCGcatgataacg nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058188 4058204 -89.0 ttggtgcaacATTCACATCGTGGTGCAgcccttttgc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [11], [13], [14]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058207 4058223 -108.0 tttccattgaAGCACTATATTGGTGCAacattcacat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [12]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058239 4058255 -140.0 caaaggtcatTGCACCAACATGGTGCTtaatgtttcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [11]


Transcription unit          
Name: glnALG
Synonym(s): OP00034, glnA
Gene(s): glnG, glnL, glnA   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): This transcription unit is mainly expressed under nitrogen limitation; therefore, the internal terminator of glnALG is active under this condition Rocha M,1985.
The NtrC regulator binds to five sites upstream of glnAp2. In a phosphorylated state and at low nitrogen concentrations, the NtrC protein (NtrC-P) increases its affinity for specific DNA-binding sites, which are represented by a 17-bp inverted repeat sequence (TGCACCn5GGTGCA) Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986.
NtrC-P at low concentrations of nitrogen binds strongly to sites -140 and -108, used for repression of the glnA promoter glnAp1, and weakly to sites -90, -68, and -45. Therefore, the recognition of NtrC at the sites -140 and -108 plays an important role in its interaction with Eσ54 and the activation of transcription at glnAp2 Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986. Reitzer LJ,1989.
On the other hand, the recognition of NtrC-P to the sites -90, -68, and -45 appears to increase the local concentration of NRI-phosphate at glnAp2, which does not seem to contribute significantly in the activation at glnAp2 Ninfa AJ,1987. Reitzer LJ,1986.
Under nitrogen-rich growth conditions, the expression of the glnA and glnG genes increased in mutants for two genes that encode two terminal oxidases, cyoA and cydB, and in mutants for two transcriptional regulators, Fnr and Fur. However, under nitrogen-limited growth conditions, gene expression was decreased. It is unknown if the effects of the transcriptional regulators act directly on gene expression; also, it is unknown which of the three promoters that transcribe the genes could be regulated by the regulators Kumar R,2011
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-BOUNDARIES-DEFINED] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[EXP-IEP-COREGULATION] Inferred through co-regulation
Reference(s): [16] Magasanik B. 1989
[1] Miranda-Rios J., et al., 1987
[17] Sasse-Dwight S., et al., 1988
Promoter
Name: glnAp2
+1: 4058107
Sigma Factor: Sigma54 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 73
Sequence: gcatgataacgccttttaggggcaatttaaaagttggcacagatttcgctttatctttttTacggcgacacggccaaaata
                                        -24        -12      +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [4] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[6] Ninfa AJ., et al., 1987
[7] Reitzer LJ., et al., 1989
[8] Tian ZX., et al., 2001
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[CRP,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP repressor glnAp2 4058152 4058173 -55.5 ttttgcacgaTGGTGCGCATGATAACGCCTTTtaggggcaat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [8]
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP repressor glnAp2 4058154 4058175 -57.5 ccttttgcacGATGGTGCGCATGATAACGCCTtttaggggca nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [8]
[Fis,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Fis activator glnAp2 4058155 4058169 -55.0 gcacgatggtGCGCATGATAACGCCttttaggggc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [15]
[NtrC,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058144 4058160 -45.0 tgcgcatgatAACGCCTTTTAGGGGCAatttaaaagt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ] S [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058167 4058183 -68.0 ggtgcagcccTTTTGCACGATGGTGCGcatgataacg nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058188 4058204 -89.0 ttggtgcaacATTCACATCGTGGTGCAgcccttttgc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [11], [13], [14]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058207 4058223 -108.0 tttccattgaAGCACTATATTGGTGCAacattcacat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [12]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated activator glnAp2 4058239 4058255 -140.0 caaaggtcatTGCACCAACATGGTGCTtaatgtttcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [6], [7], [11]


Transcription unit          
Name: glnA
Gene(s): glnA   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): This transcription unit is mainly expressed under nitrogen limitation; therefore, the internal terminator of glnALG is active under this condition Rocha M,1985.
The transcription of the glnA gene is repressed during the first 24 h after the induction of nitrogen starvation Switzer A, Burchell L, McQuail J, Wigneshweraraj S,2020.
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-BOUNDARIES-DEFINED] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPT-LEN-DETERMINATION] Length of transcript experimentally determined
Reference(s): [5] Rocha M., et al., 1985
Promoter
Name: glnAp1
+1: 4058222
Sigma Factor: Sigma70 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 188
Sequence: gcataaaaagggttatccaaaggtcattgcaccaacatggtgcttaatgtttccattgaaGcactatattggtgcaacatt
                            -35                   -10       +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [4] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[8] Tian ZX., et al., 2001
Terminator(s)
Type: rho-independent
Sequence: ttcctgacttAAGCGGCGCTGGTTATCCATcggagccatc
Reference(s): [5] Rocha M., et al., 1985
Type: rho-independent
Sequence: gcatcagagaATTGACGGAGAAAAAAGCCCATGCAGAGATGGGCTACAGATAGCTGACAAACTTCacgttggaga
Reference(s): [9] Feng CQ., et al., 2019
[10] Lesnik EA., et al., 2001
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[CRP,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP activator glnAp1 4058283 4058304 -71.5 ttgcagagtcCCTTTGTGATCGCTTTCACGGAgcataaaaag nd [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] nd [14]
[NtrC,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058144 4058160 71.0 tgcgcatgatAACGCCTTTTAGGGGCAatttaaaagt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ] S [13], [14]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058167 4058183 48.0 ggtgcagcccTTTTGCACGATGGTGCGcatgataacg nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058188 4058204 27.0 ttggtgcaacATTCACATCGTGGTGCAgcccttttgc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058207 4058223 8.0 tttccattgaAGCACTATATTGGTGCAacattcacat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [7], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058239 4058255 -25.0 caaaggtcatTGCACCAACATGGTGCTtaatgtttcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [7], [14]


Transcription unit          
Name: glnALG
Synonym(s): OP00034
Gene(s): glnG, glnL, glnA   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): Under nitrogen-rich growth conditions, the expression of the glnA and glnG genes increased in mutants for two genes that encode two terminal oxidases, cyoA and cydB, and in mutants for two transcriptional regulators, Fnr and Fur. However, under nitrogen-limited growth conditions, gene expression was decreased. It is unknown if the effects of the transcriptional regulators act directly on gene expression; also, it is unknown which of the three promoters that transcribe the genes could be regulated by the regulators Kumar R,2011
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-BOUNDARIES-DEFINED] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[EXP-IEP-COREGULATION] Inferred through co-regulation
Reference(s): [1] Miranda-Rios J., et al., 1987
Promoter
Name: glnAp1
+1: 4058222
Sigma Factor: Sigma70 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 188
Sequence: gcataaaaagggttatccaaaggtcattgcaccaacatggtgcttaatgtttccattgaaGcactatattggtgcaacatt
                            -35                   -10       +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [4] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[8] Tian ZX., et al., 2001
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[CRP,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CRP-cyclic-AMP activator glnAp1 4058283 4058304 -71.5 ttgcagagtcCCTTTGTGATCGCTTTCACGGAgcataaaaag nd [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] nd [14]
[NtrC,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058144 4058160 71.0 tgcgcatgatAACGCCTTTTAGGGGCAatttaaaagt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ] S [13], [14]
remote NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058167 4058183 48.0 ggtgcagcccTTTTGCACGATGGTGCGcatgataacg nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058188 4058204 27.0 ttggtgcaacATTCACATCGTGGTGCAgcccttttgc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [13], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058207 4058223 8.0 tttccattgaAGCACTATATTGGTGCAacattcacat nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [7], [14]
proximal NtrC-phosphorylated repressor glnAp1 4058239 4058255 -25.0 caaaggtcatTGCACCAACATGGTGCTtaatgtttcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-SEQ], [EXP-DAP-SEQ], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [7], [14]


RNA cis-regulatory element    
Regulation, transcriptional elongation  
Attenuator type: Transcriptional
Strand: reverse
  Structure type Energy LeftPos RightPos Sequence (RNA-strand)
  terminator -9.5 4056426 4056452 agctatctgtAGCCCATCTCTGCATGGGCTTTTTTCtccgtcaatt
  anti-terminator -3.9 4056443 4056489 cggagcaggtGAGTCGCTCTCCAACGTGAAGTTTGTCAGCTATCTGTAGCCCATCTctgcatgggc
  anti-anti-terminator -28.11 4056464 4056543 cggatgcgacGCAAATGCGTCTTATCCGGCCTACACGGTGATGATGTGGTAGGCCGGAGCAGGTGAGTCGCTCTCCAACGTGAAGTTTGtcagctatct
Notes: "The provided "Sequence" is that of the RNA strand, i.e. U's are shown instead of T's and regulators on the reverse strand will appear as the reverse complement of the sequence delimited by LeftPos-RigtPos"


Evidence    

 [COMP-AINF] Inferred computationally without human oversight

 [EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING] Transcription initiation mapping

 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] A person inferred or reviewed a computer inference of sequence function based on similarity to a consensus sequence.

 [EXP-CHIP-SEQ] high throughput ChIP-seq evidence

 [EXP-DAP-SEQ] high throughput DNA Affinity Purification (DAP) Sequencing

 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] Binding of purified proteins

 [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] Site mutation

 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] Gene expression analysis

 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences


Reference(s)    

 [1] Miranda-Rios J., Sanchez-Pescador R., Urdea M., Covarrubias AA., 1987, The complete nucleotide sequence of the glnALG operon of Escherichia coli K12., Nucleic Acids Res 15(6):2757-70

 [2] Ueno-Nishio S., Backman KC., Magasanik B., 1983, Regulation at the glnL-operator-promoter of the complex glnALG operon of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 153(3):1247-51

 [3] Ueno-Nishio S., Mango S., Reitzer LJ., Magasanik B., 1984, Identification and regulation of the glnL operator-promoter of the complex glnALG operon of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 160(1):379-84

 [4] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78

 [5] Rocha M., Vazquez M., Garciarrubio A., Covarrubias AA., 1985, Nucleotide sequence of the glnA-glnL intercistronic region of Escherichia coli., Gene 37(1-3):91-9

 [6] Ninfa AJ., Reitzer LJ., Magasanik B., 1987, Initiation of transcription at the bacterial glnAp2 promoter by purified E. coli components is facilitated by enhancers., Cell 50(7):1039-46

 [7] Reitzer LJ., Movsas B., Magasanik B., 1989, Activation of glnA transcription by nitrogen regulator I (NRI)-phosphate in Escherichia coli: evidence for a long-range physical interaction between NRI-phosphate and RNA polymerase., J Bacteriol 171(10):5512-22

 [8] Tian ZX., Li QS., Buck M., Kolb A., Wang YP., 2001, The CRP-cAMP complex and downregulation of the glnAp2 promoter provides a novel regulatory linkage between carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 41(4):911-24

 [9] Feng CQ., Zhang ZY., Zhu XJ., Lin Y., Chen W., Tang H., Lin H., 2019, iTerm-PseKNC: a sequence-based tool for predicting bacterial transcriptional terminators., Bioinformatics 35(9):1469-1477

 [10] Lesnik EA., Sampath R., Levene HB., Henderson TJ., McNeil JA., Ecker DJ., 2001, Prediction of rho-independent transcriptional terminators in Escherichia coli., Nucleic Acids Res 29(17):3583-94

 [11] Collado-Vides J., Magasanik B., Gralla JD., 1991, Control site location and transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli., Microbiol Rev 55(3):371-94

 [12] Reitzer LJ., Magasanik B., 1986, Transcription of glnA in E. coli is stimulated by activator bound to sites far from the promoter., Cell 45(6):785-92

 [13] Atkinson MR., Pattaramanon N., Ninfa AJ., 2002, Governor of the glnAp2 promoter of Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 46(5):1247-57

 [14] Reitzer LJ., Magasanik B., 1985, Expression of glnA in Escherichia coli is regulated at tandem promoters., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82(7):1979-83

 [15] Huo YX., Nan BY., You CH., Tian ZX., Kolb A., Wang YP., 2006, FIS activates glnAp2 in Escherichia coli: role of a DNA bend centered at -55, upstream of the transcription start site., FEMS Microbiol Lett 257(1):99-105

 [16] Magasanik B., 1989, Regulation of transcription of the glnALG operon of Escherichia coli by protein phosphorylation., Biochimie 71(9-10):1005-12

 [17] Sasse-Dwight S., Gralla JD., 1988, Probing the Escherichia coli glnALG upstream activation mechanism in vivo., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85(23):8934-8

RegulonDB