RegulonDB RegulonDB 11.2:Regulon Page
   

IHF DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator

Synonyms: IHF
Summary:
IHF, "Integration host factor," is a global regulatory protein that helps to maintain DNA architecture. It binds and bends DNA at specific sites. IHF plays a role in DNA supercoiling and DNA duplex destabilization and affects processes such as DNA replication, recombination, and the expression of many genes [37, 105, 106] To regulate DNA replication, IHF binds to three loci in DNA, named oriC (origin of replication), datA (prevents untimely replication initiations), and DARS2 (promotes exchange of ADP/ATP in DnaA protein) [39]. Before DNA replication initiation, IHF binds to the oriC region in a DnaA box R1-dependent manner, and it is rapidly released from this site after replication initiation to bind to other loci [39]. There are two specific binding sites for IHF in the oriC region [39]. IHF is highly abundant in the cell. Its total intracellular concentration varies with growth rate and is higher in exponential phase, with 6,000 dimers per cell, than in stationary phase (3,000 dimers per cell) [107] IHF acts mostly as an accessory factor, stabilizing a correct nucleoprotein complex.
Read more >


Transcription factor      
TF conformation(s):
Name Conformation Type TF-Effector Interaction Type Apo/Holo Conformation Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) References
IHF Functional   nd nd nd
TFBs length: 13
TFBs symmetry: inverted-repeat
Sensing class: TFs for DNA-bending
Connectivity class: Global Regulator
Gene name: ihfA
  Genome position: 1795253-1795552
  Length: 300 bp / 99 aa
Operon name: thrS-infC-rpmI-rplT-pheMST-ihfA
TU(s) encoding the TF:
Transcription unit        Promoter
ihfA
ihfAp4
pheMST-ihfA
pheMp
thrS-infC-rpmI-rplT-pheMST-ihfA
thrSp
Gene name: ihfB
  Genome position: 963828-964112
  Length: 285 bp / 94 aa
Operon name: cmk-rpsA-ihfB
TU(s) encoding the TF:
Transcription unit        Promoter
ihfB
ihfBp
ihfB
ihfBp2
rpsA-ihfB
rpsAp1
rpsA-ihfB
rpsAp3


Regulon       
Regulated gene(s) aceA, aceB, aceK, acs, actP, adiA, amiA, atoA, atoB, atoD, atoE, carA, carB, csgD, csgE, csgF, csgG, csrB, cysG, cysH, cysI, cysJ, dcuD, dmsA, dmsB, dmsC, dppA, dppB, dppC, dppD, dppF, dps, dusB, envZ, fhlA, fimA, fimB, fimC, fimD, fimF, fimG, fimH, fimI, fis, flhC, flhD, fliA, fliZ, fnr, focA, folA, gcd, glcA, glcB, glcD, glcE, glcF, glcG, glmY, glnH, glnP, glnQ, glpQ, glpT, gltA,
Read more >
Multifun term(s) of regulated gene(s) MultiFun Term (List of genes associated to the multifun term)
membrane (43)
anaerobic respiration (33)
carbon compounds (21)
Transcription related (19)
aerobic respiration (16)
Read more >
Regulated operon(s) aceBAK, acs-yjcH-actP, adiA, amiA-hemF, atoDAEB, bdm-sra, carAB, cmk-rpsA-ihfB, csgDEFG, csrB, cysJIH, dcuD, dmsABC, dppABCDF, dps, dusB-fis, fimAICDFGH, fimB, flhDC, fliAZ-tcyJ, fnr, focA-pflB, folA, gcd, glcDEFGBA, glmY, glnHPQ, glpTQ, gltA, gltBDF, hemA-prfA-prmC, hipBA, hpt, hycABCDEFGHI, hypABCDE-fhlA, ibpAB, ilvLXGMEDA, micF, mtr, narGHJI, narKS, ndh, nirBDC-cysG, nmpC, norVW, nrfABCDEFG, nuoABCEFGHIJKLMN, ompC, ompF, ompR-envZ, osmE, osmY, paaABCDEFGHIJK, paaZ, patA, plaR, proVWX, pspABCDE, pspGH, pstSCAB-phoU, rpoH, rseD-rpoE-rseABC, rtcBA, sdhCDAB-sucABCD-sdhX, sodA,
Read more >
First gene in the operon(s) aceB, acs, adiA, amiA, atoD, carA, csgD, csrB, cysJ, dcuD, dmsA, dppA, dps, dusB, fimA, fimB, flhD, fliA, fnr, focA, folA, gcd, glcD, glmY, glnH, glpT, gltA, gltB, hemA, hemF, hipB, hpt, hycA, hypA, ibpB, ihfA, ihfB, ilvL, micF, mtr, narG, narK, ndh, nirB, norV, nrfA, nuoA, ompC, ompF, ompR, osmE, osmY, paaA, paaZ, patA, plaR, proV, pspA, pspG, pstS, rseD, rpoH, rtcB, sodA, sodB,
Read more >
Simple and complex regulons AcrR,CRP,FliZ,Fur,H-NS,HdfR,IHF,LrhA,MatA,OmpR,QseB,RcsAB,YjjQ
AcrR,H-NS,HU,IHF,Lrp,MarA,OmpR,Rob,SoxS
AdiY,ArgR,CRP,FNR,Fur,GadE,HdfR,IHF,Lrp,Nac
AdiY,H-NS,IHF
ArcA,CRP,Cra,IHF,IclR
Read more >
Simple and complex regulatory phrases Regulatory phrase (List of promoters regulated by the phrase)
[IHF,-](44)
[IHF,+](58)


Transcription factor regulation    


Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) arrangements
      

  Functional conformation Function Promoter Sigma factor Central Rel-Pos Distance to first Gene Genes Sequence LeftPos RightPos Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) References
  IHF activator aceBp Sigma70 -159.0 -235.0 aceB, aceA, aceK
tcgttaagcgATTCAGCACCTTAcctcaggcac
4215237 4215249 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [1], [1]
  IHF activator aceBp Sigma70 -72.0 -148.0 aceB, aceA, aceK
ttcatattgtTATCAACAAGTTAtcaagtattt
4215324 4215336 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [1], [1]
  IHF repressor acsp Sigma38 -225.0 -245.0 acs, yjcH, actP
ctttaatcaaTTGTAAGTGCATGtaaaatacca
4287610 4287622 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2], [3], [4]
  IHF repressor acsp Sigma38 -180.0 -200.0 acs, yjcH, actP
tcagtatcttCCTCTTTTTCAACagcatgcata
4287565 4287577 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2]
  IHF repressor acsp Sigma38 -153.0 -173.0 acs, yjcH, actP
tgcataactgCATGTTCCTCAAAgaattaatca
4287538 4287550 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [2], [2], [5], [5], [6]
  IHF repressor acsp1 Sigma70 -21.0 -245.0 acs, yjcH, actP
ctttaatcaaTTGTAAGTGCATGtaaaatacca
4287610 4287622 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2], [3]
  IHF repressor acsp2 Sigma70 -225.0 -245.0 acs, yjcH, actP
ctttaatcaaTTGTAAGTGCATGtaaaatacca
4287610 4287622 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2], [3], [4]
  IHF repressor acsp2 Sigma70 -180.0 -200.0 acs, yjcH, actP
tcagtatcttCCTCTTTTTCAACagcatgcata
4287565 4287577 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2]
  IHF repressor acsp2 Sigma70 -153.0 -173.0 acs, yjcH, actP
tgcataactgCATGTTCCTCAAAgaattaatca
4287538 4287550 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [2], [2], [5], [5], [6]
  IHF activator adiAp Sigma70 nd nd adiA nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [7]
  IHF repressor amiAp Sigma70 20.5 -91.5 amiA, hemF
tgtcaactatTGAAATGAAAAGTaaaacaattc
2552254 2552266 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [8], [8]
  IHF activator atoDp Sigma54 -57.0 -92.0 atoD, atoA, atoE, atoB
cccttcatatTCAATTAGTTAAAtaactaaatc
2323349 2323361 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [9], [9]
  IHF activator atoDp Sigma54 -32.0 -67.0 atoD, atoA, atoE, atoB
actaaatccaATAATCTCATTCTggcactcccc
2323374 2323386 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [9], [9]
  IHF activator carAp1 Sigma70 -305.0 -405.0 carA, carB
atttaatttaTTGATTATAAAGGgctttaattt
29240 29252 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [10], [10], [11], [11], [12]
  IHF repressor carAp1 Sigma70 -305.0 -405.0 carA, carB
atttaatttaTTGATTATAAAGGgctttaattt
29240 29252 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [10], [10], [11], [11], [12]
  IHF activator csgDp1 Sigma70 -173.5 -321.5 csgD, csgE, csgF, csgG
aaatatttttTATATGCATTATTAGTAAGTTATCACCATTTgtatgatttt
1103503 1103533 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [13], [14], [14]
  IHF activator csgDp1 Sigma70 -66.5 -214.5 csgD, csgE, csgF, csgG
catttctaaaCTTAATAAAACCTTAAGGTTAACATTTTAATATAACGAGTTACATTTAGTTACATGTTTAAcacttgattt
1103381 1103441 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [14], [14]
  IHF activator csgDp3 Sigma38 -173.5 -321.5 csgD, csgE, csgF, csgG
aaatatttttTATATGCATTATTAGTAAGTTATCACCATTTgtatgatttt
1103503 1103533 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [13], [14], [14]
  IHF activator csgDp3 Sigma38 -66.5 -214.5 csgD, csgE, csgF, csgG
catttctaaaCTTAATAAAACCTTAAGGTTAACATTTTAATATAACGAGTTACATTTAGTTACATGTTTAAcacttgattt
1103381 1103441 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [14], [14]
  IHF activator csrBp Sigma70 -99.0 -99.0 csrB
tttcatttaaAATCAAAATGTTGattgttaatt
2924617 2924629 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [15], [15]
  IHF activator cysJp Sigma70 -124.0 -190.0 cysJ, cysI, cysH
gctaaattcaTTTGTTTTTCATTaggttggtta
2892082 2892094 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [16], [16]
  IHF activator dcuDp2 Sigma54 -44.0 -330.0 dcuD
acatcctatcACAGGATTGAAAGtaggggaaaa
3374533 3374545 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [17]
  IHF repressor dmsAp2 nd -22.0 -103.0 dmsA, dmsB, dmsC
tctctttgatTTTCAAATTATTCgatgtataca
940850 940862 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [18]
  IHF activator dppAp Sigma70 1848.0 1683.0 dppA, dppB, dppC, dppD, dppF
aggcctacgaAAATTCTGCAATGtattgaattt
3706017 3706029 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [19]
  IHF activator dpsp Sigma70 -98.5 -137.5 dps
tatatctaacTCATTGAATCTTTattagttttg
849042 849054 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [20]
  IHF activator dpsp2 Sigma38 -98.5 -137.5 dps
tatatctaacTCATTGAATCTTTattagttttg
849042 849054 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [20]
  IHF activator dusBp Sigma70 -114.0 -148.0 dusB, fis
tttctaatatGATGATTTTTATGagtaattatc
3410126 3410138 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [21], [21], [22], [22]
  IHF activator fimAp Sigma70 -52.0 -473.0 fimA, fimI, fimC, fimD, fimF, fimG, fimH
aggtttgattTAACTTATTGATAataaagttaa
4542636 4542648 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [23], [24], [25], [26]
  IHF activator fimAp Sigma70 77.0 -345.0 fimA, fimI, fimC, fimD, fimF, fimG, fimH
aaaaagcatcTAACTGTTTGATAtgtaaattat
4542764 4542776 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [23], [24], [25], [26]
  IHF activator fimBp2 nd -576.0 -866.0 fimB
agatcttagtTTAACTATTTGTTttataaataa
4540085 4540097 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [27], [27]
  IHF repressor flhDp Sigma70 -92.0 -290.0 flhD, flhC
ccatttatgtTAAGTAATTGAGTgttttgtgtg
1978481 1978493 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [28], [28]
  IHF repressor fliAp1 Sigma70 -202.5 -232.5 fliA, fliZ, tcyJ
tacaagttgaATTGCAATTTATTGAATttgcacattt
2002014 2002030 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [13], [13]
  IHF repressor fliAp1 Sigma70 -186.5 -216.5 fliA, fliZ, tcyJ
atttattgaaTTTGCACATTTTTGTAGgccggataag
2001998 2002014 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [13], [13]
  IHF activator fnrp Sigma70 -104.0 -130.0 fnr
cccttaacaaCTTAAGGGTTTTCAAatagatagac
1399649 1399663 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [29], [29]
  IHF activator focAp1 Sigma70 -112.5 -139.5 focA, pflB
atttttatttGGATAATCAAATAtttactccgt
954599 954611 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [30]
  IHF activator folAp Sigma70 -65.0 -89.0 folA
tcgccagcagAATATAAAATTTTcctcaacatc
49728 49740 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [31], [31]
  IHF activator gcdp1 Sigma70 -73.0 -111.0 gcd
gtataccagtAAAACTATTCATTcgcggaatct
141330 141342 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [32]
  IHF activator glcDp Sigma70 -107.0 -162.0 glcD, glcE, glcF, glcG, glcB, glcA
attatgttacATCAATTTAACATtgagttaacc
3128177 3128189 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [33]
  IHF activator glmYp1 Sigma54 -169.0 -169.0 glmY
gcgacacttaACTCATTGATTTTaatattatct
2691503 2691515 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [34], [34], [35], [35]
  IHF activator glmYp1 Sigma54 -52.0 -52.0 glmY
agcaacgtatAATCAGTACGTTAccaaactatt
2691386 2691398 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [34], [34]
  IHF activator glnHp2 Sigma54 -152.0 -195.0 glnH, glnP, glnQ
tacgctaaatAATCACTGTGTTGagtgcacaat
848193 848205 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [36], [36], [37], [38]
  IHF activator glnHp2 Sigma54 -47.0 -90.0 glnH, glnP, glnQ
tttgccgcatCTCGAAAAATCAAggagttgcaa
848088 848100 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-PCR-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [36], [36], [38], [38], [39]
  IHF repressor glpTQp Sigma70 35.0 -43.0 glpT, glpQ
ttctctcactGAATCAGGCTGTTaatcataaat
2352411 2352423 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [40], [40]
  IHF repressor glpTQp Sigma70 202.0 125.0 glpT, glpQ
ggctatgcggCTTACTATTTGGTtcgtaagaac
2352244 2352256 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [40], [40]
  IHF activator gltAp1 Sigma70 -70.0 -369.0 gltA
tttaatttttAATCATCTAATTTgacaatcatt
754831 754843 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] S [41], [42], [42], [43]
  IHF activator gltBp Sigma70 -89.0 -305.0 gltB, gltD, gltF
tccattttaaTTTCAGTCATTTAataaagaatt
3354414 3354426 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [44], [44], [45], [45]
  IHF activator gltBp Sigma70 -85.0 -301.0 gltB, gltD, gltF
ttttaatttcAGTCATTTAATAAagaattttgc
3354418 3354430 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [44], [44], [45], [45]
  IHF activator gltBp2 Sigma38 -89.0 -305.0 gltB, gltD, gltF
tccattttaaTTTCAGTCATTTAataaagaatt
3354414 3354426 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [44], [44], [45], [45]
  IHF activator gltBp2 Sigma38 -85.0 -301.0 gltB, gltD, gltF
ttttaatttcAGTCATTTAATAAagaattttgc
3354418 3354430 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [44], [44], [45], [45]
  IHF activator hemAp1 Sigma70 nd nd hemA, prfA, prmC nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [46]
  IHF repressor hemFp1 Sigma70 8.0 -13.0 hemF
agaaagcacaTTCGAAAAAGCGAtaagttatga
2553206 2553218 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [8], [8]
  IHF activator hipBp Sigma70 -117.0 -157.0 hipB, hipA
tcaaacggcgCATCAACGCCTTAtttaaatcct
1592593 1592605 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [47], [47]
  IHF repressor hptp Sigma70 -24.0 -95.0 hpt
agattccgcgAATGAATAGTTTTactggtatac
141330 141342 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [32]
  IHF activator hycAp Sigma54 -38.5 -64.5 hycA, hycB, hycC, hycD, hycE, hycF, hycG, hycH, hycI
atctctttaaTAACAATAAATTAaaagttggca
2850493 2850505 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [48], [48]
  IHF activator hypAp Sigma54 -127.5 -147.5 hypA, hypB, hypC, hypD, hypE, fhlA
tgccaactttTAATTTATTGTTAttaaagagat
2850493 2850505 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [48], [48]
  IHF activator ibpBp Sigma54 -31.0 -115.0 ibpB
gccgtatcgaAATCAACTAATTCcctaaggccg
3867006 3867018 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [49]
  IHF repressor ihfAp4 Sigma38 -47.0 -216.0 ihfA
gcggatatttTATCCGAATGTAAgaaagttggc
1795762 1795774 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfAp4 Sigma38 -21.0 -190.0 ihfA
agttggcgtaAATCAGGTAGTTGgcgtaaactt
1795736 1795748 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfAp4 Sigma38 54.0 -116.0 ihfA
agagcctcgcCATAAGCCTGATCctgcaagata
1795662 1795674 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -320.0 -399.0 ihfB
cgttgaaggtTACCTGCGTGCTTctgaagcatc
963423 963435 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -304.0 -383.0 ihfB
cgtgcttctgAAGCATCCCGTGAccgcgttgaa
963439 963451 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -207.0 -286.0 ihfB
aaaaccgcgcAATCAGCCTGTCTgttcgtgcga
963536 963548 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -157.0 -236.0 ihfB
aaagatgcaaTCGCAACTGTTAAcaaacaggaa
963586 963598 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -77.0 -156.0 ihfB
taaaggcgagTAATTCTCTGACTcttcgggatt
963666 963678 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp Sigma70 -2.0 -81.0 ihfB
ttcgtcctgtAATCAAGCACTAAgggcggctac
963741 963753 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -320.0 -399.0 ihfB
cgttgaaggtTACCTGCGTGCTTctgaagcatc
963423 963435 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -304.0 -383.0 ihfB
cgtgcttctgAAGCATCCCGTGAccgcgttgaa
963439 963451 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -207.0 -286.0 ihfB
aaaaccgcgcAATCAGCCTGTCTgttcgtgcga
963536 963548 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -157.0 -236.0 ihfB
aaagatgcaaTCGCAACTGTTAAcaaacaggaa
963586 963598 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -77.0 -156.0 ihfB
taaaggcgagTAATTCTCTGACTcttcgggatt
963666 963678 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ihfBp2 Sigma38 -2.0 -81.0 ihfB
ttcgtcctgtAATCAAGCACTAAgggcggctac
963741 963753 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [50], [51]
  IHF repressor ilvLp1 Sigma70 -17.0 -121.0 ilvL, ilvX, ilvG, ilvM, ilvE, ilvD, ilvA
tatttttaaaAAACAACAATTTAtattgaaatt
3950195 3950207 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [52], [52]
  IHF repressor ilvLp1 Sigma70 210.0 106.0 ilvL, ilvX, ilvG, ilvM, ilvE, ilvD, ilvA
aaaggcttagAGATCAAGCCTTAacgaactaag
3950421 3950433 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-PCR-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [39], [52], [52]
  IHF activator ilvLp2 Sigma70 -89.0 -121.0 ilvL, ilvX, ilvG, ilvM, ilvE, ilvD, ilvA
tatttttaaaAAACAACAATTTAtattgaaatt
3950195 3950207 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [52], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]
  IHF activator ilvLp2 Sigma70 138.0 106.0 ilvL, ilvX, ilvG, ilvM, ilvE, ilvD, ilvA
aaaggcttagAGATCAAGCCTTAacgaactaag
3950421 3950433 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-PCR-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [39], [52], [52], [53], [56]
  IHF repressor micFp1 Sigma70 -72.0 -72.0 micF
tcaaggttaaAATCAATAACTTAttcttaagta
2313006 2313018 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [57], [57]
  IHF repressor micFp2 Sigma38 -72.0 -72.0 micF
tcaaggttaaAATCAATAACTTAttcttaagta
2313006 2313018 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [57], [57]
  IHF repressor mtrp2 Sigma70 nd nd mtr nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [58]
  IHF activator narGp Sigma70 -125.0 -182.0 narG, narH, narJ, narI
aaacgtcttaATTTACAGTCTGTtatgtggtgg
1279676 1279688 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [59], [59], [60], [60], [61]
  IHF activator narKp1 Sigma70 -130.0 -155.0 narK, narS
ttttacagcaCCGTGAAAAATCTcataattttt
1277796 1277808 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [62], [62], [63], [63]
  IHF repressor ndhp Sigma70 -58.0 -151.0 ndh
cttttcagcaACAAAACTTGATTaacatcaatt
1165928 1165940 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [64]
  IHF repressor ndhp Sigma70 -17.0 -110.0 ndh
accaatgcacCATTCATGTTATTctcaatagcg
1165969 1165981 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [64]
  IHF repressor ndhp Sigma70 26.0 -68.0 ndh
ttcattgctgTAACCTGTTGTTAattaagagct
1166011 1166023 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [64]
  IHF activator nirBp Sigma70 -115.0 -139.0 nirB, nirD, nirC, cysG
catgaaatatCAGACAATTCCGTgacttaagaa
3493866 3493878 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [65], [65], [66], [66]
  IHF repressor nirBp Sigma70 -88.0 -112.0 nirB, nirD, nirC, cysG
taagaaaattTATACAAATCAGCaatataccca
3493893 3493905 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [65], [65], [66], [66], [67], [67]
  IHF repressor nmpCp nd -144.0 nd nmpC
ataaattggcTAATAGATTTATTtttattcagc
577008 577020 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] S [68]
  IHF activator norVp Sigma54 -48.0 -85.0 norV, norW
aattttatttATAGAGTAAAAACaatcagataa
2832385 2832397 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [69], [69]
  IHF repressor norVp Sigma54 17.0 -21.0 norV, norW
catctttttaGAACACGCTGAATaaattgaggt
2832449 2832461 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [69], [69]
  IHF activator nrfAp Sigma70 -127.0 -220.0 nrfA, nrfB, nrfC, nrfD, nrfE, nrfF, nrfG
tgattaattcTTTGAGGAACATGcagttatgca
4287538 4287550 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [2], [2], [5], [5], [6], [6]
  IHF repressor nrfAp Sigma70 -55.0 -148.0 nrfA, nrfB, nrfC, nrfD, nrfE, nrfF, nrfG
tggtattttaCATGCACTTACAAttgattaaag
4287610 4287622 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [2], [2], [3], [4]
  IHF repressor nuoAp2 Sigma70 -83.0 -173.0 nuoA, nuoB, nuoC, nuoE, nuoF, nuoG, nuoH, nuoI, nuoJ, nuoK, nuoL, nuoM, nuoN
ctaatgtgaaGAAACTTTTGTTAaagttgacaa
2405239 2405251 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [70], [70], [71]
  IHF repressor nuoAp2 Sigma70 -74.0 -164.0 nuoA, nuoB, nuoC, nuoE, nuoF, nuoG, nuoH, nuoI, nuoJ, nuoK, nuoL, nuoM, nuoN
agaaacttttGTTAAAGTTGACAaaaggttata
2405230 2405242 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [70], [70], [71], [71]
  IHF repressor nuoAp2 Sigma70 -66.0 -156.0 nuoA, nuoB, nuoC, nuoE, nuoF, nuoG, nuoH, nuoI, nuoJ, nuoK, nuoL, nuoM, nuoN
ttgttaaagtTGACAAAAGGTTAtagaaaggag
2405222 2405234 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [70], [70], [71], [71]
  IHF repressor ompCp1 Sigma70 -182.0 -263.0 ompC
tacttaagaaTAAGTTATTGATTttaaccttga
2313006 2313018 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [57]
  IHF repressor ompCp3 nd -125.0 -263.0 ompC
tacttaagaaTAAGTTATTGATTttaaccttga
2313006 2313018 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [57]
  IHF repressor ompFp Sigma70 -176.0 -286.0 ompF
aatataaggaAATCATATAAATAgattaaaatt
987262 987274 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF activator ompFp Sigma70 -108.0 -218.0 ompF
cggtgttcacAAAGTTCCTTAAAttttactttt
987194 987206 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF repressor ompFp Sigma70 -62.0 -172.0 ompF
ttctttttgaAACCAAATCTTTAtctttgtagc
987148 987160 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF repressor ompFp2 Sigma38 -176.0 -286.0 ompF
aatataaggaAATCATATAAATAgattaaaatt
987262 987274 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF activator ompFp2 Sigma38 -108.0 -218.0 ompF
cggtgttcacAAAGTTCCTTAAAttttactttt
987194 987206 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF repressor ompFp2 Sigma38 -62.0 -172.0 ompF
ttctttttgaAACCAAATCTTTAtctttgtagc
987148 987160 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [72]
  IHF repressor ompRp1 Sigma70 -102.0 -225.0 ompR, envZ
aggggcgtttTCATCTCGTTGATtccctttgtc
3536803 3536815 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [73], [73]
  IHF repressor ompRp1 Sigma70 -37.0 -160.0 ompR, envZ
atcatatcaaCAGAATCAATAATgtttcgccga
3536738 3536750 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [73], [73]
  IHF repressor ompRp1 Sigma70 8.0 -116.0 ompR, envZ
acttaagctgCTGTTTAATATGCtttgtaacaa
3536694 3536706 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [73], [73]
  IHF repressor osmEp Sigma70 4.5 -23.5 osmE
caggcttatcTAACACGCTGATAaacaagagga
1822273 1822285 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [74], [74]
  IHF repressor osmEp2 Sigma38 4.5 -23.5 osmE
caggcttatcTAACACGCTGATAaacaagagga
1822273 1822285 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [74], [74]
  IHF repressor osmYp Sigma70 -96.5 -339.5 osmY
tcaatttcccTTCCTTATTAGCCgcttacggaa
4611050 4611062 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-PCR-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [39], [75], [76]
  IHF repressor osmYp Sigma70 -5.0 -248.0 osmY
ttgtgatctaTATTTAACAAAGTgatgacattt
4611142 4611154 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [76]
  IHF repressor osmYp2 Sigma38 -96.5 -339.5 osmY
tcaatttcccTTCCTTATTAGCCgcttacggaa
4611050 4611062 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-CHIP-PCR-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [39], [75], [76]
  IHF repressor osmYp2 Sigma38 -5.0 -248.0 osmY
ttgtgatctaTATTTAACAAAGTgatgacattt
4611142 4611154 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [76]
  IHF activator paaAp Sigma70 -115.0 -177.0 paaA, paaB, paaC, paaD, paaE, paaF, paaG, paaH, paaI, paaJ, paaK
gcgatctgtaTAGCAACTGCGGAaaacattaat
1453744 1453756 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [77], [77]
  IHF activator paaZp nd -80.0 -108.0 paaZ
attaatgtttTCCGCAGTTGCTAtacagatcgc
1453744 1453756 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [77], [77]
  IHF unknown patAp Sigma38 -256.0 -292.0 patA
tttaaacacaAATCTAATTCCTTgatttaaaat
3219196 3219208 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [78], [78]
  IHF unknown patAp2 Sigma54 -256.0 -292.0 patA
tttaaacacaAATCTAATTCCTTgatttaaaat
3219196 3219208 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [78], [78]
  IHF repressor plaRp Sigma70 -4.0 -90.0 plaR
aatctgattgATGAATTTCAAAAgacataaaaa
3742616 3742628 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [79], [79]
  IHF activator proVp3 Sigma70 -18.5 -78.5 proV, proW, proX
ttgcctcagaTTCTCAGTATGTTAGggtagaaaaa
2804730 2804744 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [80], [80]
  IHF activator proVp3 Sigma70 140.0 80.0 proV, proW, proX
gttcaaatatATCGAACAAGGACTTTcaaaagaaca
2804887 2804902 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [80], [80]
  IHF activator pspAp Sigma54 -42.5 -83.5 pspA, pspB, pspC, pspD, pspE
atcagatcttTATAAATCAAAAAgataaaaaat
1367989 1368001 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [81], [82]
  IHF activator pspGp Sigma54 -38.5 -62.5 pspG, pspH
ttttgctgttAAATCAATAGATTatttttggca
4262771 4262783 [COMP] W [83], [83]
  IHF activator pstSp Sigma70 16.5 -27.5 pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB, phoU
gtagccaacaAACAATGCTTTATgaatcctccc
3911546 3911558 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [84], [84], [85], [86]
  IHF activator pstSp2 Sigma38 16.5 -27.5 pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB, phoU
gtagccaacaAACAATGCTTTATgaatcctccc
3911546 3911558 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [84], [84], [85], [86]
  IHF repressor rpoEp1b Sigma70 -59.5 -288.5 rseD, rpoE, rseA, rseB, rseC
ccgctaccgaTAATCAACACGTCacatgaatgt
2710447 2710459 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [IC], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [IC] W [13], [87], [87]
  IHF activator rpoHp6 Sigma54 -326.0 -356.0 rpoH
cgaagtttgaTATCAATGGCTTAtcattcgatg
3601133 3601145 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [88], [88]
  IHF activator rtcBp Sigma54 -62.0 -90.0 rtcB, rtcA
taatctttttTAAAACAATGAATtaaaaaatta
3558163 3558175 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [89], [89]
  IHF activator rtcBp Sigma54 -52.0 -80.0 rtcB, rtcA
taaaacaatgAATTAAAAAATTAagctgcttat
3558153 3558165 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [89], [89]
  IHF repressor sodAp Sigma70 -68.0 -119.0 sodA
cattttcctgCAAAACCATACCCttacgaaaag
4100685 4100697 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [90]
  IHF repressor sodAp Sigma70 -48.0 -99.0 sodA
cccttacgaaAAGTACGGCATTGataatcattt
4100705 4100717 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [90]
  IHF repressor sodAp Sigma70 -24.0 -75.0 sodA
taatcattttCAATATCATTTAAttaactataa
4100729 4100741 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [90]
  IHF repressor sodAp Sigma70 -1.0 -52.0 sodA
ttaactataaTGAACCAACTGCTtacgcggcat
4100752 4100764 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [90]
  IHF repressor sodBp Sigma70 -61.0 -116.0 sodB
gctaaaacttTACCCTGTTGTTAcggcaacagg
1735256 1735268 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [91], [91]
  IHF activator srap Sigma38 nd nd sra nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [92]
  IHF activator ssuEp Sigma70 -177.0 -228.0 ssuE, ssuA, ssuD, ssuC, ssuB
gacaaatcttTAATTTATAGATTtcatgaatat
997734 997746 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [93], [93]
  IHF activator ssuEp Sigma70 -134.0 -185.0 ssuE, ssuA, ssuD, ssuC, ssuB
actgaacgagTAATTCATTGATTcaacatctaa
997691 997703 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [93], [93]
  IHF repressor ssuEp Sigma70 33.0 -19.0 ssuE, ssuA, ssuD, ssuC, ssuB
aacaaaaaaaGAACAATTGGTTAtaaggagaga
997525 997537 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [93], [93]
  IHF repressor sucAp Sigma38 nd nd sucA, sucB, sucC, sucD, sdhX nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [41], [42]
  IHF activator sufAp Sigma70 -145.0 -177.0 sufA, sufB, sufC, sufD, sufS, sufE
taataaccatTATCTAACAATGAgatacctaat
1764557 1764569 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [94], [94], [95]
  IHF activator tdcAp nd -103.0 -131.0 tdcA, tdcB, tdcC, tdcD, tdcE, tdcF, tdcG
ttaacttgttGATATTTAAAGGTatttaattgt
3267190 3267202 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [96], [97]
  IHF repressor tyrPp1 Sigma70 nd nd tyrP nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [58]
  IHF repressor ubiCp Sigma70 -12.0 -75.0 ubiC, ubiA
ttgcgtattaGATCACTTAATTTgctttacatc
4252425 4252437 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [98], [98]
  IHF repressor ulaAp Sigma70 nd nd ulaA, ulaB, ulaC, ulaD, ulaE, ulaF nd nd [AS-NAS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [99], [99]
  IHF repressor ulaGp nd nd nd ulaG nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] W [99], [99]
  IHF activator uspAp1 Sigma70 -81.0 -209.0 uspA
ggttaaccacTATCAATATATTCatgtcgaaaa
3639896 3639908 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [100], [100], [101]
  IHF repressor uspBp Sigma38 -54.0 -182.0 uspB
ttttcgacatGAATATATTGATAgtggttaacc
3639896 3639908 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [100], [100]
  IHF activator yadVp1 Sigma70 nd nd yadV, htrE nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [102]
  IHF activator yadVp2 Sigma38 nd nd yadV, htrE nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [102]
  IHF activator yadVp3 Sigma70 nd nd yadV, htrE nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [102]
  IHF activator yeiLp Sigma38 -227.0 -292.0 yeiL
aatgttttatCAAGCGTCTGATTacccgctaca
2255057 2255069 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [103]
  IHF activator yeiLp Sigma38 -193.0 -258.0 yeiL
tagtgatgccTAATAAATCTATTgccggatgtt
2255091 2255103 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] W [103]
  IHF activator yiaKp1 Sigma70 -49.5 -108.5 yiaK, yiaL, yiaM, yiaN, yiaO, lyxK, sgbH, sgbU, sgbE
tttatgtcttTTGAAATTCATCAatcagattgc
3742618 3742630 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [79], [79]
  IHF activator yjbEp1 Sigma70 -133.0 -181.0 yjbE, yjbF, yjbG, yjbH
tgtttttattTTAAGTTTATGATttttattgtt
4235719 4235731 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] S [104], [104]


Alignment and PSSM for IHF TFBSs    

Aligned TFBS of IHF   
  Sequence
  AAATCAATGAGTTA
  TTATCAATAAGTTA
  AAATCAATAACTTA
  GAATCAATGAATTA
  TTATCAACAAGTTA
  ATATCAAACAGTTA
  AAATCAATAGATTA
  GATTCAATGAGTTA
  AAATCAAGGAATTA
  TAATCAGTACGTTA
  ATATCAATGGCTTA
  TATTCAATTAGTTA
  AAAACAATGAATTA
  AAAACAAATAGTTA
  ATAACAATAAATTA
  TAATCAAATATTTA
  GAATCAGGCTGTTA
  TTAACAACAGGTTA
  AAATCATAAACTTA
  TTATCAGCGTGTTA
  AAAACAACAATTTA
  ATATCATTTAATTA
  AAATCAACTAATTC
  AAATCAAAAAGATA
  AAATCAAAATGTTG
  AAATCAGGTAGTTG
  GATTCAGCACCTTA
  AATTCAATAAATTG
  TAATCAAGCACTAA
  ATTTCAGTCATTTA
  AAAACACTCAATTA
  AAATCTATAAATTA
  AGAACAATTGGTTA
  ATATAAATAGATTA
  TAATCAGACGCTTG
  AAATAAATCTATTA
  TTATCAATGCCGTA
  ATATCAGACAATTC
  GTAACAACAGGGTA
  TAATCATCTAATTT
  GAACCAACTGCTTA
  GAATCAACGAGATG
  CAAACAATGCTTTA
  TAATCAACACGTCA
  TTTACAGTCTGTTA
  GTTACATTTAGTTA
  TAATCACTGTGTTG
  TTATTAGTAAGTTA
  CTATCAATATATTC
  GAATTAAAAAATTA
  TATTCAGCGTGTTC
  GAATCAATAATGTT
  CTAACAATGAGATA
  GCATCAACGCCTTA
  TTTACATGCACTTA
  GAGTCAGAGAATTA
  GTTACATCAATTTA
  TAATAAATCTATTG
  TTAACAAAAGTTTC
  AAACCAAATCTTTA
  TTTTCAAATTATTC
  TTATTAGCCGCTTA
  AAACCATACCCTTA
  TTATAAAGGGCTTT
  TTGACAAAAGGTTA
  GAACCAAATAGTAA
  TTCTCAGTATGTTA
  TCATCACTTTGTTA
  AGATCACTTAATTT
  CGAACAAGGACTTT
  CTATCACAGGATTG
  GAATGAATAGTTTT
  GAAGCACGCAGGTA
  AGATCAAGCCTTAA
  ATTTAAGGAACTTT
  TTTTCATTTCAATA
  TTTAAAGGTATTTA
  TAATCAAGTTTTGT
  GAAGCATCCCGTGA
  CATTCATGTTATTC
  CAATCAGCCTGTCT
  GAATGAGATTATTG
  CTTACATTCGGATA
  TGAAAAACAAATGA
  AATTCTGCAATGTA
  TAAAAATCATCATA
  TTTGAAAACCCTTA
  TGAAAAATCTCATA
  GAATATAAAATTTT
  GTTTAATATGCTTT
  GATTGATGAATTTC
  GGATCAGGCTTATG
  TATTTATAGAGTAA
  ATAGCAACTGCGGA
  AAATGTGCAAATTC
  TTAACAGTTGCGAT
  TATACAAATCAGCA
  CGAAAAAGCGATAA
  AATTCTTTGAGGAA
  GAAAAAGAGGAAGA
  GAAAAATCAAGGAG

Position weight matrix (PWM). IHF matrix-quality result   
A	33	56	75	27	15	96	55	24	34	49	29	9	8	69
C	9	2	1	4	78	0	6	23	22	13	21	0	3	9
G	24	8	2	4	4	0	23	16	21	20	35	10	5	11
T	35	35	23	66	4	5	17	38	24	19	16	82	85	12

Consensus   
;	consensus.strict             	taatCAataagtTa
;	consensus.strict.rc          	TAACTTATTGATTA
;	consensus.IUPAC              	dwatCAryvastTa
;	consensus.IUPAC.rc           	TAASTBRYTGATWH
;	consensus.regexp             	[agt][at]atCA[ag][ct][acg]a[cg]tTa
;	consensus.regexp.rc          	TAA[CG]T[CGT][AG][CT]TGAT[AT][ACT]

PWM logo   


 


Evolutionary conservation of regulatory elements    
     Note: Evolutionary conservation of regulatory interactions and promoters is limited to gammaproteobacteria.
TF-target gene evolutionary conservation
Promoter-target gene evolutionary conservation




Reference(s)    

 [1] Resnik E., Pan B., Ramani N., Freundlich M., LaPorte DC., 1996, Integration host factor amplifies the induction of the aceBAK operon of Escherichia coli by relieving IclR repression., J Bacteriol 178(9):2715-7

 [2] Browning DF., Beatty CM., Sanstad EA., Gunn KE., Busby SJ., Wolfe AJ., 2004, Modulation of CRP-dependent transcription at the Escherichia coli acsP2 promoter by nucleoprotein complexes: anti-activation by the nucleoid proteins FIS and IHF., Mol Microbiol 51(1):241-54

 [3] Browning DF., Beatty CM., Wolfe AJ., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2002, Independent regulation of the divergent Escherichia coli nrfA and acsP1 promoters by a nucleoprotein assembly at a shared regulatory region., Mol Microbiol 43(3):687-701

 [4] Browning DF., Grainger DC., Beatty CM., Wolfe AJ., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2005, Integration of three signals at the Escherichia coli nrf promoter: a role for Fis protein in catabolite repression., Mol Microbiol 57(2):496-510

 [5] Sclavi B., Beatty CM., Thach DS., Fredericks CE., Buckle M., Wolfe AJ., 2007, The multiple roles of CRP at the complex acs promoter depend on activation region 2 and IHF., Mol Microbiol 65(2):425-40

 [6] Browning DF., Lee DJ., Wolfe AJ., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2006, The Escherichia coli K-12 NarL and NarP proteins insulate the nrf promoter from the effects of integration host factor., J Bacteriol 188(21):7449-56

 [7] Stim-Herndon KP., Flores TM., Bennett GN., 1996, Molecular characterization of adiY, a regulatory gene which affects expression of the biodegradative acid-induced arginine decarboxylase gene (adiA) of Escherichia coli., Microbiology 142 ( Pt 5):1311-20

 [8] Troup B., Jahn M., Hungerer C., Jahn D., 1994, Isolation of the hemF operon containing the gene for the Escherichia coli aerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase by in vivo complementation of a yeast HEM13 mutant., J Bacteriol 176(3):673-80

 [9] Matta MK., Lioliou EE., Panagiotidis CH., Kyriakidis DA., Panagiotidis CA., 2007, Interactions of the antizyme AtoC with regulatory elements of the Escherichia coli atoDAEB operon., J Bacteriol 189(17):6324-32

 [10] Charlier D., Huysveld N., Roovers M., Glansdorff N., 1994, On the role of the Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) in repression at a distance of the pyrimidine specific promoter P1 of the carAB operon., Biochimie 76(10-11):1041-51

 [11] Charlier D., Roovers M., Gigot D., Huysveld N., Pierard A., Glansdorff N., 1993, Integration host factor (IHF) modulates the expression of the pyrimidine-specific promoter of the carAB operons of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT2., Mol Gen Genet 237(1-2):273-86

 [12] Devroede N., Huysveld N., Charlier D., 2006, Mutational analysis of intervening sequences connecting the binding sites for integration host factor, PepA, PurR, and RNA polymerase in the control region of the Escherichia coli carAB operon, encoding carbamoylphosphate synthase., J Bacteriol 188(9):3236-45

 [13] Amores GR., de Las Heras A., Sanches-Medeiros A., Elfick A., Silva-Rocha R., 2017, Systematic identification of novel regulatory interactions controlling biofilm formation in the bacterium Escherichia coli., Sci Rep 7(1):16768

 [14] Ogasawara H., Yamada K., Kori A., Yamamoto K., Ishihama A., 2010, Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors., Microbiology 156(Pt 8):2470-83

 [15] Zere TR., Vakulskas CA., Leng Y., Pannuri A., Potts AH., Dias R., Tang D., Kolaczkowski B., Georgellis D., Ahmer BM., Romeo T., 2015, Genomic Targets and Features of BarA-UvrY (-SirA) Signal Transduction Systems., PLoS One 10(12):e0145035

 [16] Sirko A., Weglenska A., Hulanicka D., 1998, Integration host factor positively regulates cycJIH transcription., Mol Gen Genet 258(1-2):174-7

 [17] Janausch IG., Unden G., 1999, The dcuD (former yhcL) gene product of escherichia coli as a member of the DcuC family of C4-dicarboxylate carriers: lack of evident expression, Arch Microbiol 172(4):219-26

 [18] McNicholas PM., Chiang RC., Gunsalus RP., 1998, Anaerobic regulation of the Escherichia coli dmsABC operon requires the molybdate-responsive regulator ModE., Mol Microbiol 27(1):197-208

 [19] Abouhamad WN., Manson MD., 1994, The dipeptide permease of Escherichia coli closely resembles other bacterial transport systems and shows growth-phase-dependent expression., Mol Microbiol 14(5):1077-92

 [20] Altuvia S., Almiron M., Huisman G., Kolter R., Storz G., 1994, The dps promoter is activated by OxyR during growth and by IHF and sigma S in stationary phase., Mol Microbiol 13(2):265-72

 [21] Nasser W., Rochman M., Muskhelishvili G., 2002, Transcriptional regulation of fis operon involves a module of multiple coupled promoters., EMBO J 21(4):715-24

 [22] Pratt TS., Steiner T., Feldman LS., Walker KA., Osuna R., 1997, Deletion analysis of the fis promoter region in Escherichia coli: antagonistic effects of integration host factor and Fis., J Bacteriol 179(20):6367-77

 [23] Blomfield IC., Kulasekara DH., Eisenstein BI., 1997, Integration host factor stimulates both FimB- and FimE-mediated site-specific DNA inversion that controls phase variation of type 1 fimbriae expression in Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 23(4):705-17

 [24] Dorman CJ., Higgins CF., 1987, Fimbrial phase variation in Escherichia coli: dependence on integration host factor and homologies with other site-specific recombinases., J Bacteriol 169(8):3840-3

 [25] Dove SL., Dorman CJ., 1996, Multicopy fimB gene expression in Escherichia coli: binding to inverted repeats in vivo, effect on fimA gene transcription and DNA inversion., Mol Microbiol 21(6):1161-73

 [26] Kulasekara HD., Blomfield IC., 1999, The molecular basis for the specificity of fimE in the phase variation of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli K-12., Mol Microbiol 31(4):1171-81

 [27] Sohanpal BK., Friar S., Roobol J., Plumbridge JA., Blomfield IC., 2007, Multiple co-regulatory elements and IHF are necessary for the control of fimB expression in response to sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in Escherichia coli K-12., Mol Microbiol 63(4):1223-36

 [28] Shin S., Park C., 1995, Modulation of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli by acetyl phosphate and the osmoregulator OmpR., J Bacteriol 177(16):4696-702

 [29] Mettert EL., Kiley PJ., 2007, Contributions of [4Fe-4S]-FNR and integration host factor to fnr transcriptional regulation., J Bacteriol 189(8):3036-43

 [30] Sirko A., Zehelein E., Freundlich M., Sawers G., 1993, Integration host factor is required for anaerobic pyruvate induction of pfl operon expression in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 175(18):5769-77

 [31] Yang J., Ogawa Y., Camakaris H., Shimada T., Ishihama A., Pittard AJ., 2007, folA, a New Member of the TyrR Regulon in Escherichia coli K-12., J Bacteriol 189(16):6080-4

 [32] Izu H., Ito S., Elias MD., Yamada M., 2002, Differential control by IHF and cAMP of two oppositely oriented genes, hpt and gcd, in Escherichia coli: significance of their partially overlapping regulatory elements., Mol Genet Genomics 266(5):865-72

 [33] Pellicer MT., Fernandez C., Badia J., Aguilar J., Lin EC., Baldom L., 1999, Cross-induction of glc and ace operons of Escherichia coli attributable to pathway intersection. Characterization of the glc promoter., J Biol Chem 274(3):1745-52

 [34] Gopel Y., Luttmann D., Heroven AK., Reichenbach B., Dersch P., Gorke B., 2011, Common and divergent features in transcriptional control of the homologous small RNAs GlmY and GlmZ in Enterobacteriaceae., Nucleic Acids Res 39(4):1294-309

 [35] Reichenbach B., Gopel Y., Gorke B., 2009, Dual control by perfectly overlapping sigma 54- and sigma 70- promoters adjusts small RNA GlmY expression to different environmental signals., Mol Microbiol 74(5):1054-70

 [36] Claverie-Martin F., Magasanik B., 1991, Role of integration host factor in the regulation of the glnHp2 promoter of Escherichia coli., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(5):1631-5

 [37] Freundlich M., Ramani N., Mathew E., Sirko A., Tsui P., 1992, The role of integration host factor in gene expression in Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 6(18):2557-63

 [38] Claverie-Martin F., Magasanik B., 1992, Positive and negative effects of DNA bending on activation of transcription from a distant site., J Mol Biol 227(4):996-1008

 [39] Kasho K., Oshima T., Chumsakul O., Nakamura K., Fukamachi K., Katayama T., 2021, Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals That the Nucleoid Protein IHF Predominantly Binds to the Replication Origin oriC Specifically at the Time of Initiation., Front Microbiol 12:697712

 [40] Yang B., Gerhardt SG., Larson TJ., 1997, Action at a distance for glp repressor control of glpTQ transcription in Escherichia coli K-12., Mol Microbiol 24(3):511-21

 [41] Cunningham L., Guest JR., 1998, Transcription and transcript processing in the sdhCDAB-sucABCD operon of Escherichia coli., Microbiology 144 ( Pt 8):2113-23

 [42] Lynch AS., Lin EC., 1996, Transcriptional control mediated by the ArcA two-component response regulator protein of Escherichia coli: characterization of DNA binding at target promoters., J Bacteriol 178(21):6238-49

 [43] Wilde RJ., Guest JR., 1986, Transcript analysis of the citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase genes of Escherichia coli K12., J Gen Microbiol 132(12):3239-51

 [44] Paul L., Blumenthal RM., Matthews RG., 2001, Activation from a distance: roles of Lrp and integration host factor in transcriptional activation of gltBDF., J Bacteriol 183(13):3910-8

 [45] Paul L., Mishra PK., Blumenthal RM., Matthews RG., 2007, Integration of regulatory signals through involvement of multiple global regulators: control of the Escherichia coli gltBDF operon by Lrp, IHF, Crp, and ArgR., BMC Microbiol 7:2

 [46] Darie S., Gunsalus RP., 1994, Effect of heme and oxygen availability on hemA gene expression in Escherichia coli: role of the fnr, arcA, and himA gene products., J Bacteriol 176(17):5270-6

 [47] Black DS., Irwin B., Moyed HS., 1994, Autoregulation of hip, an operon that affects lethality due to inhibition of peptidoglycan or DNA synthesis., J Bacteriol 176(13):4081-91

 [48] Hopper S., Babst M., Schlensog V., Fischer HM., Hennecke H., Bock A., 1994, Regulated expression in vitro of genes coding for formate hydrogenlyase components of Escherichia coli., J Biol Chem 269(30):19597-604

 [49] Kuczynska-Wisnik D., Laskowska E., Taylor A., 2001, Transcription of the ibpB heat-shock gene is under control of sigma(32)- and sigma(54)-promoters, a third regulon of heat-shock response., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284(1):57-64

 [50] Aviv M., Giladi H., Schreiber G., Oppenheim AB., Glaser G., 1994, Expression of the genes coding for the Escherichia coli integration host factor are controlled by growth phase, rpoS, ppGpp and by autoregulation., Mol Microbiol 14(5):1021-31

 [51] Bykowski T., Sirko A., 1998, Selected phenotypes of ihf mutants of Escherichia coli., Biochimie 80(12):987-1001

 [52] Tsui P., Freundlich M., 1988, Integration host factor binds specifically to sites in the ilvGMEDA operon in Escherichia coli., J Mol Biol 203(3):817-20

 [53] Pagel JM., Hatfield GW., 1991, Integration host factor-mediated expression of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli., J Biol Chem 266(3):1985-96

 [54] Pagel JM., Winkelman JW., Adams CW., Hatfield GW., 1992, DNA topology-mediated regulation of transcription initiation from the tandem promoters of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli., J Mol Biol 224(4):919-35

 [55] Parekh BS., Hatfield GW., 1996, Transcriptional activation by protein-induced DNA bending: evidence for a DNA structural transmission model., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(3):1173-7

 [56] Parekh BS., Sheridan SD., Hatfield GW., 1996, Effects of integration host factor and DNA supercoiling on transcription from the ilvPG promoter of Escherichia coli., J Biol Chem 271(34):20258-64

 [57] Huang L., Tsui P., Freundlich M., 1990, Integration host factor is a negative effector of in vivo and in vitro expression of ompC in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 172(9):5293-8

 [58] Yang J., Camakaris H., Pittard AJ., 1996, In vitro transcriptional analysis of TyrR-mediated activation of the mtr and tyrP+3 promoters of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 178(21):6389-93

 [59] Rabin RS., Collins LA., Stewart V., 1992, In vivo requirement of integration host factor for nar (nitrate reductase) operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(18):8701-5

 [60] Schroder I., Darie S., Gunsalus RP., 1993, Activation of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase (narGHJI) operon by NarL and Fnr requires integration host factor., J Biol Chem 268(2):771-4

 [61] Zhang X., DeMoss JA., 1996, Structure modification induced in the narG promoter by binding of integration host factor and NARL-P., J Bacteriol 178(13):3971-3

 [62] Kolesnikow T., Schroder I., Gunsalus RP., 1992, Regulation of narK gene expression in Escherichia coli in response to anaerobiosis, nitrate, iron, and molybdenum., J Bacteriol 174(22):7104-11

 [63] Li J., Kustu S., Stewart V., 1994, In vitro interaction of nitrate-responsive regulatory protein NarL with DNA target sequences in the fdnG, narG, narK and frdA operon control regions of Escherichia coli K-12., J Mol Biol 241(2):150-65

 [64] Green J., Anjum MF., Guest JR., 1997, Regulation of the ndh gene of Escherichia coli by integration host factor and a novel regulator, Arr., Microbiology 143 ( Pt 9):2865-75

 [65] Browning DF., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2004, Transcription activation by remodelling of a nucleoprotein assembly: the role of NarL at the FNR-dependent Escherichia coli nir promoter., Mol Microbiol 53(1):203-15

 [66] Browning DF., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2008, Regulation by nucleoid-associated proteins at the Escherichia coli nir operon promoter., J Bacteriol 190(21):7258-67

 [67] Browning DF., Cole JA., Busby SJ., 2000, Suppression of FNR-dependent transcription activation at the Escherichia coli nir promoter by Fis, IHF and H-NS: modulation of transcription initiation by a complex nucleo-protein assembly., Mol Microbiol 37(5):1258-69

 [68] Coll JL., Heyde M., Portalier R., 1994, Expression of the nmpC gene of Escherichia coli K-12 is modulated by external pH. Identification of cis-acting regulatory sequences involved in this regulation., Mol Microbiol 12(1):83-93

 [69] Tucker NP., D'Autr?aux B., Studholme DJ., Spiro S., Dixon R., 2004, DNA binding activity of the Escherichia coli nitric oxide sensor NorR suggests a conserved target sequence in diverse proteobacteria., J Bacteriol 186(19):6656-60

 [70] Bongaerts J., Zoske S., Weidner U., Unden G., 1995, Transcriptional regulation of the proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase genes (nuoA-N) of Escherichia coli by electron acceptors, electron donors and gene regulators., Mol Microbiol 16(3):521-34

 [71] Wackwitz B., Bongaerts J., Goodman SD., Unden G., 1999, Growth phase-dependent regulation of nuoA-N expression in Escherichia coli K-12 by the Fis protein: upstream binding sites and bioenergetic significance., Mol Gen Genet 262(4-5):876-83

 [72] Ramani N., Huang L., Freundlich M., 1992, In vitro interactions of integration host factor with the ompF promoter-regulatory region of Escherichia coli., Mol Gen Genet 231(2):248-55

 [73] Tsui P., Huang L., Freundlich M., 1991, Integration host factor binds specifically to multiple sites in the ompB promoter of Escherichia coli and inhibits transcription., J Bacteriol 173(18):5800-7

 [74] Gutierrez C., Gordia S., Bonnassie S., 1995, Characterization of the osmotically inducible gene osmE of Escherichia coli K-12., Mol Microbiol 16(3):553-63

 [75] Colland F., Barth M., Hengge-Aronis R., Kolb A., 2000, sigma factor selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: role for CRP, IHF and lrp transcription factors., EMBO J 19(12):3028-37

 [76] Lange R., Barth M., Hengge-Aronis R., 1993, Complex transcriptional control of the sigma s-dependent stationary-phase-induced and osmotically regulated osmY (csi-5) gene suggests novel roles for Lrp, cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein-cAMP complex, and integration host factor in the stationary-phase response of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 175(24):7910-7

 [77] Ferrandez A., Garcia JL., Diaz E., 2000, Transcriptional regulation of the divergent paa catabolic operons for phenylacetic acid degradation in Escherichia coli., J Biol Chem 275(16):12214-22

 [78] Samsonova NN., Smirnov SV., Altman IB., Ptitsyn LR., 2003, Molecular cloning and characterization of Escherichia coli K12 ygjG gene., BMC Microbiol 3(1):2

 [79] Ibanez E., Campos E., Baldoma L., Aguilar J., Badia J., 2000, Regulation of expression of the yiaKLMNOPQRS operon for carbohydrate utilization in Escherichia coli: involvement of the main transcriptional factors., J Bacteriol 182(16):4617-24

 [80] Khodr A., Fairweather V., Bouffartigues E., Rimsky S., 2015, IHF is a trans-acting factor implicated in the regulation of the proU P2 promoter., FEMS Microbiol Lett 362(3):1-6

 [81] Jovanovic G., Model P., 1997, PspF and IHF bind co-operatively in the psp promoter-regulatory region of Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 25(3):473-81

 [82] Weiner L., Brissette JL., Ramani N., Model P., 1995, Analysis of the proteins and cis-acting elements regulating the stress-induced phage shock protein operon., Nucleic Acids Res 23(11):2030-6

 [83] Lloyd LJ., Jones SE., Jovanovic G., Gyaneshwar P., Rolfe MD., Thompson A., Hinton JC., Buck M., 2004, Identification of a new member of the phage shock protein response in Escherichia coli, the phage shock protein G (PspG)., J Biol Chem 279(53):55707-14

 [84] Spira B., Yagil E., 1999, The integration host factor (IHF) affects the expression of the phosphate-binding protein and of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli., Curr Microbiol 38(2):80-5

 [85] Taschner NP., Yagil E., Spira B., 2004, A differential effect of sigmaS on the expression of the PHO regulon genes of Escherichia coli., Microbiology 150(Pt 9):2985-92

 [86] Taschner NP., Yagil E., Spira B., 2006, The effect of IHF on sigmaS selectivity of the phoA and pst promoters of Escherichia coli., Arch Microbiol 185(3):234-7

 [87] Klein G., Stupak A., Biernacka D., Wojtkiewicz P., Lindner B., Raina S., 2016, Multiple Transcriptional Factors Regulate Transcription of the rpoE Gene in Escherichia coli under Different Growth Conditions and When the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Is Defective., J Biol Chem 291(44):22999-23019

 [88] Janaszak A., Majczak W., Nadratowska B., Szalewska-Palasz A., Konopa G., Taylor A., 2007, A {sigma}54-dependent promoter in the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli rpoH gene., Microbiology 153(Pt 1):111-23

 [89] Genschik P., Drabikowski K., Filipowicz W., 1998, Characterization of the Escherichia coli RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase and its sigma54-regulated operon., J Biol Chem 273(39):25516-26

 [90] Presutti DG., Hassan HM., 1995, Binding of integration host factor (IHF) to the Escherichia coli sodA gene and its role in the regulation of a sodA-lacZ fusion gene., Mol Gen Genet 246(2):228-35

 [91] Dubrac S., Touati D., 2000, Fur positive regulation of iron superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli: functional analysis of the sodB promoter., J Bacteriol 182(13):3802-8

 [92] Izutsu K., Wada C., Komine Y., Sako T., Ueguchi C., Nakura S., Wada A., 2001, Escherichia coli ribosome-associated protein SRA, whose copy number increases during stationary phase., J Bacteriol 183(9):2765-73

 [93] van Der Ploeg JR., Iwanicka-Nowicka R., Bykowski T., Hryniewicz MM., Leisinger T., 1999, The Escherichia coli ssuEADCB gene cluster is required for the utilization of sulfur from aliphatic sulfonates and is regulated by the transcriptional activator Cbl., J Biol Chem 274(41):29358-65

 [94] Lee JH., Yeo WS., Roe JH., 2004, Induction of the sufA operon encoding Fe-S assembly proteins by superoxide generators and hydrogen peroxide: involvement of OxyR, IHF and an unidentified oxidant-responsive factor., Mol Microbiol 51(6):1745-55

 [95] Outten FW., Djaman O., Storz G., 2004, A suf operon requirement for Fe-S cluster assembly during iron starvation in Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 52(3):861-72

 [96] Hagewood BT., Ganduri YL., Datta P., 1994, Functional analysis of the tdcABC promoter of Escherichia coli: roles of TdcA and TdcR., J Bacteriol 176(20):6214-20

 [97] Wu Y., Patil RV., Datta P., 1992, Catabolite gene activator protein and integration host factor act in concert to regulate tdc operon expression in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 174(21):6918-27

 [98] Soballe B., Poole RK., 1997, Aerobic and anaerobic regulation of the ubiCA operon, encoding enzymes for the first two committed steps of ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli., FEBS Lett 414(2):373-6

 [99] Campos E., Baldoma L., Aguilar J., Badia J., 2004, Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 186(6):1720-8

 [100] Farewell A., Kvint K., Nystrom T., 1998, uspB, a new sigmaS-regulated gene in Escherichia coli which is required for stationary-phase resistance to ethanol., J Bacteriol 180(23):6140-7

 [101] Nystrom T., 1995, Glucose starvation stimulon of Escherichia coli: role of integration host factor in starvation survival and growth phase-dependent protein synthesis., J Bacteriol 177(19):5707-10

 [102] Raina S., Missiakas D., Baird L., Kumar S., Georgopoulos C., 1993, Identification and transcriptional analysis of the Escherichia coli htrE operon which is homologous to pap and related pilin operons., J Bacteriol 175(16):5009-21

 [103] Anjum MF., Green J., Guest JR., 2000, YeiL, the third member of the CRP-FNR family in Escherichia coli., Microbiology 146 Pt 12:3157-70

 [104] Murtin C., Engelhorn M., Geiselmann J., Boccard F., 1998, A quantitative UV laser footprinting analysis of the interaction of IHF with specific binding sites: re-evaluation of the effective concentration of IHF in the cell., J Mol Biol 284(4):949-61

 [105] Swinger KK, Rice PA, 2004, IHF and HU: flexible architects of bent DNA., Curr Opin Struct Biol, 14(1):28 10.1016/j.sbi.2003.12.003

 [106] Dhavan GM, Crothers DM, Chance MR, Brenowitz M, 2002, Concerted binding and bending of DNA by Escherichia coli integration host factor., J Mol Biol, 315(5):1027 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5303

 [107] Ali Azam T, Iwata A, Nishimura A, Ueda S, Ishihama A, 1999, Growth phase-dependent variation in protein composition of the Escherichia coli nucleoid., J Bacteriol, 181(20):6361 10.1128/JB.181.20.6361-6370.1999

 [108] Miller HI, Friedman DI, 1980, An E. coli gene product required for lambda site-specific recombination., Cell, 20(3):711 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90317-7

 [109] Moitoso de Vargas L, Kim S, Landy A, 1989, DNA looping generated by DNA bending protein IHF and the two domains of lambda integrase., Science, 244(4911):1457 10.1126/science.2544029

 [110] Velmurugu Y, Vivas P, Connolly M, Kuznetsov SV, Rice PA, Ansari A, 2018, Two-step interrogation then recognition of DNA binding site by Integration Host Factor: an architectural DNA-bending protein., Nucleic Acids Res, 46(4):1741 10.1093/nar/gkx1215

 [111] Hoover TR, Santero E, Porter S, Kustu S, 1990, The integration host factor stimulates interaction of RNA polymerase with NIFA, the transcriptional activator for nitrogen fixation operons., Cell, 63(1):11 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90284-l

 [112] Santero E, Hoover TR, North AK, Berger DK, Porter SC, Kustu S, 1992, Role of integration host factor in stimulating transcription from the sigma 54-dependent nifH promoter., J Mol Biol, 227(3):602 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90211-2

 [113] Sarkar T, Petrov AS, Vitko JR, Santai CT, Harvey SC, Mukerji I, Hud NV, 2009, Integration host factor (IHF) dictates the structure of polyamine-DNA condensates: implications for the role of IHF in the compaction of bacterial chromatin., Biochemistry, 48(4):667 10.1021/bi8019965

 [114] Liu G, Ma Q, Xu Y, 2018, Physical properties of DNA may direct the binding of nucleoid-associated proteins along the E. coli genome., Math Biosci, 301(None):50 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.03.026

 [115] Nash HA, Robertson CA, Flamm E, Weisberg RA, Miller HI, 1987, Overproduction of Escherichia coli integration host factor, a protein with nonidentical subunits., J Bacteriol, 169(9):4124 10.1128/jb.169.9.4124-4127.1987

 [116] Rice PA, Yang S, Mizuuchi K, Nash HA, 1996, Crystal structure of an IHF-DNA complex: a protein-induced DNA U-turn., Cell, 87(7):1295 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81824-3

 [117] Ellenberger T, Landy A, 1997, A good turn for DNA: the structure of integration host factor bound to DNA., Structure, 5(2):153 10.1016/s0969-2126(97)00174-3

 [118] Goodrich JA, Schwartz ML, McClure WR, 1990, Searching for and predicting the activity of sites for DNA binding proteins: compilation and analysis of the binding sites for Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF)., Nucleic Acids Res, 18(17):4993 10.1093/nar/18.17.4993

 [119] Friedman DI, 1988, Integration host factor: a protein for all reasons., Cell, 55(4):545 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90213-9

 [120] Hales LM, Gumport RI, Gardner JF, 1996, Examining the contribution of a dA+dT element to the conformation of Escherichia coli integration host factor-DNA complexes., Nucleic Acids Res, 24(9):1780 10.1093/nar/24.9.1780

 [121] Yang CC, Nash HA, 1989, The interaction of E. coli IHF protein with its specific binding sites., Cell, 57(5):869 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90801-5

 [122] Connolly M, Arra A, Zvoda V, Steinbach PJ, Rice PA, Ansari A, 2018, Static Kinks or Flexible Hinges: Multiple Conformations of Bent DNA Bound to Integration Host Factor Revealed by Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements., J Phys Chem B, 122(49):11519 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07405

 [123] Purkait D, Bandyopadhyay D, Mishra PP, 2021, Vital insights into prokaryotic genome compaction by nucleoid-associated protein (NAP) and illustration of DNA flexure angles at single-molecule resolution., Int J Biol Macromol, 171(None):100 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.194

 [124] Yoshua SB, Watson GD, Howard JAL, Velasco-Berrelleza V, Leake MC, Noy A, 2021, Integration host factor bends and bridges DNA in a multiplicity of binding modes with varying specificity., Nucleic Acids Res, 49(15):8684 10.1093/nar/gkab641

 [125] Bi H, Zhang C, 2014, Integration host factor is required for the induction of acid resistance in Escherichia coli., Curr Microbiol, 69(2):218 10.1007/s00284-014-0595-7

 [126] Lee SY, Lim CJ, Dröge P, Yan J, 2015, Regulation of Bacterial DNA Packaging in Early Stationary Phase by Competitive DNA Binding of Dps and IHF., Sci Rep, 5(None):18146 10.1038/srep18146

 [127] Monteiro LMO, Arruda LM, Silva-Rocha R, 2018, Emergent Properties in Complex Synthetic Bacterial Promoters., ACS Synth Biol, 7(2):602 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00344

 [128] Iyer MS, Pal A, Srinivasan S, Somvanshi PR, Venkatesh KV, 2021, Global Transcriptional Regulators Fine-Tune the Translational and Metabolic Efficiency for Optimal Growth of Escherichia coli., mSystems, 6(2):None 10.1128/mSystems.00001-21

 [129] Kargeti M, Venkatesh KV, 2018, Effect of global transcriptional regulators on kinetic behavior of Escherichia coli under anaerobic fermentation conditions., Arch Microbiol, 200(6):979 10.1007/s00203-018-1518-y

 [130] Dilweg IW, Dame RT, 2018, Post-translational modification of nucleoid-associated proteins: an extra layer of functional modulation in bacteria?, Biochem Soc Trans, 46(5):1381 10.1042/BST20180488

 [131] Monteiro LMO, Sanches-Medeiros A, Westmann CA, Silva-Rocha R, 2020, Unraveling the Complex Interplay of Fis and IHF Through Synthetic Promoter Engineering., Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 8(None):510 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00510

 [132] Deter HS, Hossain T, Butzin NC, 2021, Antibiotic tolerance is associated with a broad and complex transcriptional response in E. coli., Sci Rep, 11(1):6112 10.1038/s41598-021-85509-7



RegulonDB